Explore how perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be influenced by connections to place

Perceptions of belonging or not belonging can be influenced by the connections to places through memories, culture, beliefs and many other aspects. Personal connections to places are the links that are the strongest, as they have a first hand account of belonging or not belonging. Jane Harrison ‘Rainbows End’ play set in the 1950’s, shows belonging or not belonging to places, predominantly through connections with culture. Also, belonging and not belonging to places is evident in the film ‘The Blind Side’ directed by John Lee Hancock, released in 2009. The links to a place is enforced by the characters passion to a sport. ‘Looking for Alibrandi† the novel, published in 1992 written by Melina Marchetta, demonstrates through culture and background connections to places and how the characters belong or not belong. The individuals in these texts are enriched and challenged by society and others. In Jane Harrison’s play, ‘Rainbows End’ the play is centred around the aboriginals being assimilated into the white society and the hardships and struggles that came along with that transition. But, characters seem to still be isolated and rejected from the white society because of their aboriginal culture. Harrison shows the depth of their belonging to a place through feelings and physical disorientation when away from where they feel home is; this is evident after the flood when they are taken away from their safe place. In Act one Nan Dear wasn’t content but she had accepted that she was forced to live in a humpy on the riverbank, she would always refer to how happy she was at the Murray Darling, or what her culture calls Cummeragunja. The repetition of Nan Dear saying this symbolises her strong connection to a place. After the flood Nan Dear and her family are forced to move again because their house was destroyed. In Act two, scene seven, Nan Dear becomes sick from being away from her home, the place she feels she belongs. The strength of Nan Dears physical and mental connection to her home is so strong that being distanced from it has made her ill. Dolly leaves Nan Dear with Errol and she says â€Å"No way I’m going to fall off my perch in his company. † By Nan Dear saying this, it highlights the cultural differences and beliefs of that time. Nan feels as though she cannot be in a ‘white’ persons presence to pass. Errol offers to drive Nan Dear to Mooroopna or the Murray so she would feel comfortable and not displaced where she is. Errol’s offer shows that through the younger generations, the mind set of segregation and downgrading of aboriginals is changing in the eyes of the ‘white’ youth. This scene shows how people can have a physical, spiritual, emotional and mental connection with a place. Through these aspects, they help the responder to get a connection with the meaning of the scene and sense of change. Similarly, in the book, ‘Looking for Alibrandi† by Melina Marchetta, Josephine’s Nonna Katia is emotionally connected to a place in Queensland from when she first moved to Australia from Italy. Her husband was absent for extended periods and she was left alone in a foreign country, unable to speak the English language. This language barrier proved to be a challenge and struggle for not only Nonna Katia but for most immigrants from that era. Katia became friends with a man, who we learn is Christina Alibrandi biological father. This link strengthens the connection she has to her place in Queensland as it reminds her of love. Katia began to felt accepted and safe in her new place, she felt like she belonged to her home and her place. Language became less of an issue and Katia grew into a liberated, independent young woman. Although her home was dirty she felt like it was hers. She says, â€Å"It was old and the floor was dirt, but it was mine. † This quote gives a sense of ownership and pride in what she belongs to. It also shows the simplicity of the time and how so little meant so much in comparison to modern day values. In ‘The blind Side’ directed by John Lee Hancock, the lead character Michael experiences belonging to a family when Leanne Tuhey takes Michael in off the street and treats him with respect and love, like no one else had ever done for him. Hancock shows Michaels differing emotions of belonging and not belonging through image flashbacks and colour changes. Hancock uses black and white images to represent his past where he did not belong and how it was a darker time for him. He then contrasts this by using colour to represent the present and how he belongs and is happy. The colour symbolises hope, happiness and perseverance through the hard times. His passion to achieve greatness leads him into a lighter future. Michael had always felt isolated from the â€Å"white† society like Nan Dear, Dolly and Gladys because of their race and background. Leanne, like Errol, saw beyond the stereotype of their race and looked at the individual and what they had to offer. Leanne is from a wealthy family and provides Michael with a room of his own. He says: Michael: â€Å"I’ve never had one before† Leanne: â€Å"your own room? † Michael: â€Å"a bed† This scene showed the viewers and Leanne how different Michael and his society lives compared to them. Michael finally felt apart of something; like he had a family and he belonged to them. Education connects people to a place through emotional memories; it also plays a role in all three texts. In ‘Rainbows End,’ Nan Dear buys Dolly encyclopaedias because she wants Dolly to be educated so she can have a good career and future. Education is important to the Tuhey family also; Michael is told that he has to bring his grades up so he can be eligible to play football. Football is used as an incentive to achieve, for the Tuhey family sport is a privilege not a right, it has to be earned. He is provided with a tutor to help with his schooling. Football is Michael’s and the Tuhey’s passion as a family and its what Michael really feels he belongs to and can excel at. Josephine Alibrandi also values education in her life as her mother and father are educated and she is on an academic scholarship at her school. School can be a factor that influences individual’s perception of belonging or not belonging. Belonging or not belonging in a school environment starts from day 1 of schooling through social cliques and hierarchies, an individuals sense of belonging or not belonging can be linked to the place they were educated. Experiences, past memories and culture can hinder or assist an individual to belong in society and to groups, including school. Michael feels displaced and unsure of where he belongs when he goes back to his family home in the ‘hood. ’ His mother had been evicted and he feels a sense of loss and abandonment. Michael has an internal conflict of love and sadness, he chases the love of a mother but is saddened by her lacking involvement and presence in his life. He is seen sitting at his former front door sobbing and alone. A similar scene is created in Rainbows End, Dolly is by the river, unsure and confused about where she belongs and who she is, and she is also sobbing. Both of these scenes show an emotional connection to a place and how their perception of belonging is altered and influenced by memories, feelings and connections to place. Perceptions of belonging or not belonging are evident in all three texts. A range of influences such as memories, culture, society and other individuals can change or mutate an individual’s perception of belonging or not belonging. A change of feelings towards belonging or not belonging is evident in all three texts as characters grow and change over the duration of the texts. Belonging or not belonging may not be clear to start with but, through different influences the characters are shaped into what they belonged or not belonged to. Their own experiences gave them knowledge or barriers towards situations resulting in them belonging or not belonging.

Deal of Downsizing in Corporations, Businesses and Other Organizations

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a great deal of downsizing in corporations, businesses and other organizations throughout the United States. According to the two papers noted below, the negative effects of such layoffs cannot be completely eliminated, but they can be helped or reduced moderately through specific actions such as increased communication and counseling and trust- and team-building. Amundson (2004) notes that corporate downsizing has become an important area of study due to the increasing impact on the American workforce. Most companies do little to prepare their employees for such negative measures. The majority of studies on this topic have focused on the victims of the layoffs; few have centered on the survivors. The studies that focused on survivors primarily used survey methods that assessed commitment, motivation, level of performance, job satisfaction, stress symptoms, and coping mechanisms and how these are related to self-affirmation, gender and organizational level, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and intent to leave the organization. In Amundson's review of literature, he found only two related studies in which a semi-structured group interviewing format was used. Evans (1995) studied U.S. soldiers in the downsized military and Noer (1993) interviewed employees of a downsized private organization. Similar themes emerged from both of these studies: increased stress; decreased motivation; reduced performance with extra workload, distrust/withdrawal of management/leader; and experiencing the emotions of anger, sadness, guilt, insecurity, and fear. Research by Armstrong-Stassen (1998) used mail-in questionnaires to analyze the individual traits and support resources that helped 82 managers in a Canadian federal government department over a 2-year period cope with downsizing. Acknowledging that â€Å"reactions of the remaining employees will largely determine the effectiveness and quality of the services provided by the federal government in the future† (p. 310), she found managers reported a significant decrease in r job performance and commitment. To add to the literature regarding both positive and negative impacts to downsizing, Amundson (2005) interviewed 31 employees from a variety of organizations, including a federal human resources department, hospital, retailer, private employment consulting group, and two oil and gas companies. All individuals had remained in their organizations throughout the time of restructuring. Thirteen of the participants were men, and 18 were women. Their ages ranged from early 20s to mid-50s. Participants were interviewed within six months of the completion of downsizing in their organization. Participants were asked to describe, in behavioral terms, the positive and negative incidents they experienced during the downsizing period. The interviews highlighted three major questions: (a) What recent changes have you experienced in the organization? (b) What helped you to adjust to these changes (the positive incidents)? and (c) What hindered your adjustment (the negative incidents)? The responses by the interviewees of both negative and positive incidents demonstrated the mixed and sometimes confused reactions that survivors have to the downsizing experience. Participants reported both hindering and helpful aspects, regardless of gender or line of work. No event or concern was experienced as negative by everyone, although there definitely were more negative incidents. Throughout the interviews, survivors explained their experiences during the notification and implementation of the layoffs and the downsizing process and the way it was communicated. As the ramifications to downsize became clearer, workers reacted to the possible loss of their own position, changing coworker relations, organizational support programs, leadership, and the effect work changes had on their home life. The survivors cited 102 critical incidents (75 negative, 27 positive) about the restructuring process. The high participation rate, 65 percent for negative and 42 percent for positive incidents, demonstrated the survivors' desires to be knowledgeable and part of developing the restructuring process. These individuals saw themselves playing a major role in a successful transition. Survivors felt better when involved. They felt frustrated when their input was ignored. Survivors also criticized counter-productive and wasteful processes. Nineteen survivors reported 31 negative incidents and 12 reported 18 positive incidents regarding fellow employees prior to the downsizing. The vast majority of negative incidents concerned grieving for laid-off peers. Survivors who were transferred away from their coworkers felt isolated and lonely and expressed guilt and envy. Positive incidents involved coworkers supporting each other through the uncertainty of the situation and seeking methods to communicate with one another after downsizing. Survivors also discussed the manner in which the organization treated their colleagues during the layoffs. Fair and sensitive treatment was reassuring to survivors; unfair or insensitive treatment resulted in resentment and anger. Management's actions to facilitate or hinder the downsizing are significant. A total of 48 incidents–36 negative and 12 positive–were reported, with participation rates of 18 (58 percent) for and 8 (26 percent) respectively. Many employees were concerned about company leadership. They felt ambivalent when managers would look out for employees but, ultimately, had their own best interests at heart. Managers were perceived as untrustworthy when withholding information. Employees were angry when supervisors did not offer direction, guidance and information required by employees, but appreciated supervisors who were proactive and showed a positive attitude toward the change. Effective communication could calm fears, conflicting communication increased confusion and anxiety. Although survivors had jobs, their sense value diminished. Morale also decreased, with high incidents of people feeling angry, fear and anxiety. Although employees received support from family many experienced problems outside of work, including illness. Most employees considered the possibility of job loss currently or the future. Negative and positive critical incidents regarding job loss were reported by 13 (42 percent) and 9 (29 percent) of survivors, respectively. Survivors, found efforts to support employee mental health helped and that they would choices if they lost or left their jobs. Amundson concluded that the negative aspects of the downsize can be reduced or helped during downsizing by certain actions, since the integrity of the downsizing process can either destroy or build new loyalties: the trustworthiness of management is imperative, there is a real need for clear and open communication during all stages of the process.. The importance of support from family members is critical, as is ongoing counseling from the company in regards to the issues they face in the new environment. As Amundson finds, there are ways to help or reduce the â€Å"downs† of downsizing. Amabile (1999) decided to see how such aspects as creativity and teamwork could be improved in downsizing environments. If creativity usually declines during downsizing, the work environment plays a central role. Context encompasses all elements of the psychological climate of both the formal organization of policies and procedures and informal organization of values, norms, and interpersonal relationships. Research has shown that context can be important not only in affecting survivors' reactions, but also in determining the impact of those reactions on job performance. A threatening situation ranks high as problematic. Threats are defined as external events or circumstances in which individuals, groups, or organizations perceive negative or harmful consequences for their vital interests. This leads to dysfunctional employees and organizations. However, studies of creativity stress the role of an organization's environment in affecting creative behaviors. The componential model of creativity and innovation shows that five environmental components affect creativity: encouragement of creativity: autonomy or freedom in the day-to-day conduct of work; resources, or the materials, information, and general resources available for work; pressures including both positive challenge and negative workload; and organizational impediments to creativity such as conservatism and internal strife. High-creativity projects were generally higher on work environment stimulants to creativity and lower on work environment obstacles to creativity. Thus, it appears that there is indeed a relationship between the work environment and the level of creativity produced by individuals in teams. Amabile's study (1999) examined the work environment for creativity at a large high-tech firm before, during, and after downsizing. Most creativity-supporting aspects of the work environment decreased greatly during the downsizing but increased somewhat later: The opposite occurred for creativity-undermining aspects. Stimulants and obstacles to creativity in the work environment mediated the effects of downsizing. These results suggest ways in which theories of organizational creativity can be expanded and ways in which the negative effects of downsizing might be avoided or alleviated. Although Noer (1993) suggested that survivors may not recover from the negative effects of downsizing, this research suggests the perceived work environment can improve modestly. Perhaps, some people eventually accept ongoing change within this company, as Noer suggested. However, it is also seen in his study that experienced downsizing was a less a predictor of work environment than was work group stability or downsizing. Thus, suggests Amabile, future research should focus attention here. The work group stability results are largely consistent with the theory of the need to belong suggesting that ongoing relational human bonds are a strong, basic, and pervasive motive that has long-lasting positive effects on emotional patterns and cognitive processes. The anticipated downsizing results suggest that, even if an employee's work unit has been eliminated, the certainty of knowing the process is over leads to a generally more positive work environment than the expectation of future downsizing in a presently intact unit. That is, the anticipation of the negative event may be less tolerable than the actual experience. This study's results suggest the possibility of adding a dynamic element to the componential model of organizational creativity. Presently, the componential model is static and specifies relationships between the perceived work environment and creative behavior at any one point in time. It does not address the dynamics of change in the work environment or how events within organizations might lead individuals to perceive their work environments as creativity-supporting or creativity-undermining. What types of events give rise to such environments, and what sorts of events lead to change in those environments? If this is so, events may prove to have a particularly powerful effect on the work environment for creativity. In future research, there could be an investigation of the mechanisms by which anticipated downsizing and work group instability might lead to degraded work environments. The threat theory could be especially helpful in guiding such studies, because it directly addresses possible changes in organizational environments under negative circumstances. Specifically, the following effects could be predicted: a centralization of control would lead to perceptions of lower autonomy/freedom, (2) a conservation of resources would lead to perceptions of less sufficient resources, (3) restriction of information flow would lead to perceptions of less encouragement of creativity from the organization overall (organizational encouragement), from one's own supervisor (supervisory encouragement), and from one's work group (work group supports), and (4) reliance on familiar routines would lead to perceptions of more organizational impediments to creativity, through a generally greater conservatism. Researchers may use this information to understand how downsizing and other organizational events bring about change in the perceived work environment for creativity. Most important, reports Amabile, â€Å"first, and most obviously, it is important to do it right.† Since downsizing decreases creativity, managers must first be sure that downsizing is a truly necessary. Second, when it is not possible to maintain team stability, it may be helpful to undertake team-building efforts as soon as new groups are formed–especially when high levels of creativity are desired. Finally, organizational creativity will be less apt to suffer in a downsizing if the process is concluded in a timely manner and if a downsizing moratorium can be identified for some meaningful period of time afterward. Overall, concludes Amabile, â€Å"Our study †¦suggests that corporate decision makers of the future should approach downsizing with great caution. The long-term negative effects of such actions on creativity and innovation may only retrigger the corporate woes that started the cycle in the first place.†

Write a criteria section for a feasibility study Article

Write a criteria section for a feasibility study - Article Example Availability of manpower- every renovation process requires manpower to carry out. It therefore imperative to look into such criteria as the process will majorly be dependent on. Different times of the calendar year present different opportunities for the manpower to be available. This will determine the speed at which the renovation of the bathrooms is carried in the institution without interfering with the study work of the students while also taking into account the benefits that would come as a result of this action. More manpower will ensure that the renovation is done very fast so that it may not have too much portion of the students’ time. It is therefore appealing to carry out this task during the holidays when there will be enough manpower to accomplish the mission. Cost of renovation- it is always considered economically healthy to weigh the cost that is expected to be incurred during any system change so as to determine how viable it is to take such actions. This will help evaluate economic implications of renovation. However, this institution is not majorly concerned about the cost of renovation as it seeks to improve on the quality of service it offers students with respect to bathroom standards. Renovation is found to cheaper than reconstruction thus a viable alternative. This will ensure the students get comfortable accommodation which is also the main goal of my client. Adaptability to the new system- it is always paramount to check whether the new system will make the life of its users easier than the old system and how fast they can adapt to it. However, the renovation is only aimed at improving on the existing bathrooms. Therefore the systems would easily to adaptable by the students thus improving the accommodation services they are rendered thus offer comfortable accommodations to students. Consistency to the goals of the organization- the main

Prominent causes for the ending of the cold war Assignment

Prominent causes for the ending of the cold war - Assignment Example The research paper investigates leading significant causes that led the end of the Cold War.The primary international relations theories, liberalism and realism, possess contrasting views about the major causes for the ending of the Cold War, ranging from the US’ dominant military power to the Gorbachev’s liberal policies. In reality, the economic stagnation of the Soviet economic in the late 1970s and early 1980s mainly caused the early end of the Cold War In the early 1980s, during the period of Reagan administration, the bitter rivalry reached to such a height that majority of political experts and international relations theorists claimed the possibility of nuclear war between the two superpowers in the nearest future. On contrary, with the unification of Germany in 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Cold War between the global powers ended even before the end of the 20th century. Such a decisive and unusually peaceful end of the Cold War was a surprising outcome from the perspective of modern political science and international relations theories, triggering numerous studies, researches, and theories that speculated various factors and causes that might have led the end of the Cold War Leaderships of Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, democratic and liberal ideologies, and economic factors have all been given as reasons for the ending of the Cold War. In reality, the economic stagnation of the Soviet economic in the late 1970s and early 1980s mainly caused the early end of the Cold War.

Analyzing a news article from a geographical perspective on Latin Research Paper

Analyzing a news article from a geographical perspective on Latin america using geography journals - Research Paper Example The politics of the location and the place are addressed in the political geography of the social movements. The widespread insensitivity to the push by the social movements in these nations and the outright downplaying of the quest for recognition and respect is also made mention of. This is an idea I am going to apply in analyzing a journalism article. The journalism article in focus is â€Å"The Racism and Racial Divides in Venezuela† by Gregory Wilpert. This article addresses issues of political geography in an evidently racist Venezuela. This paper analyses and reports on how the author of the political geography article would respond to the journalism article. In the journalism article, there are a great deal of issues on international order and the perceptions that are largely accepted and internalized by certain sections of the world’s population. Key among these and widely explored in the journal article is the concern for racism in the world in general and in Venezuela in particular. As reported in the journalism article, it is evident that the mindset of most of the Venezuelans, humans from different geographical locations of the world are and will never be equal. On the face of it, Venezuelans would say that there is no racism in the country, but the opposite proves true. They would say that it does not matter whether one is dark, brown or white since they all consider themselves to be â€Å"Mestizo† or â€Å"brown† (Wilpert 2). The journal article gives an account of how the opposite of this statement is proven during the visit by the Trans Africa Forum to the nation of Venezuela. This position of reality of racism in Venezuela was made clear by the very delegation in their final press conference in the country. The delegation mentioned the Venezuelan news commentators who referred to their trip as a ‘burned’ tour. This statement was

Against the patenting genes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Against the patenting genes - Essay Example This is essential for assessing the predisposition of the patients to cancer. Legalization of gene patents is regressive not only to the medical research but also to the independence and growth of research centers or countries other than the one to which patent protection has been provided. It is, indeed, sad, that â€Å"some genetic tests can’t be done in Canada because U.S. companies hold patents on the tests and the genes and have threatened legal action if the patents are violated by doing the tests in Canada, rather than the U.S.† (CBC News, 2014). Legalization of gene patents has resulted in patenting of a significant number of genes. There are total 30,000 genes in humans and 8,000 of them have already been patented (Wagner, 2009). This means that the number of genes that can be tested upon for identification of cure for diseases has been reduced significantly. So gene patenting should not be

Sex in Advertising Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sex in Advertising - Research Paper Example The advertisement industry prefers to portray females as objects of enjoyment and appeal. It seems that females in the last two decades have become well-used to the needs of the advertising industry and have decided to explore the possibility. The advertisers have been reminding the society that female body is valuable, and something that must be revealed. All beauty products in the market are accompanied by almost fully naked female bodies. Famous brands and celebrities also contribute to this sex-oriented marketing system and get benefits in return. In order to draw consumer attention, the performers in ads dress provocatively, exhibit incongruously seductive, and behave in a flirtatious manner. A look into such ads reveals that the definition of beauty has changed from time to time. It is easy to understand this difference if one compares a beautiful woman of the present day with the portrait of a beautiful woman of the 16th century. Undoubtedly, the concept of fashion is set and redefined by the advertising media from time to time. According to Aaslestad, fashion embodies new social values and emerges as the primary area of contradiction between tradition and change (283). This is very evident in the changes that took place in the dressing of celebrities, namely women, appeared in ads. There is a visible change in the styles of both men and women today, and this change is attributed to the new philosophical and social ideals cherished by the advertising industry namely women, appeared in ads.

A Correlation between Unequal Power Relations and the Way Language is Assignment

A Correlation between Unequal Power Relations and the Way Language is Used - Assignment Example The second of the three stages is all the more important because it has a lot to do with one’s spontaneity and judgment which ultimately become the major deciding factors in making the communication successful and effective. That is how the world draws the line of distinction between ‘great orators/authors’ and the mediocre and the bad. The choice of words, however, is a function of one’s instincts, emotions, and needs. The desire to dominate, to control, to feel powerful is a universal instinct that defies the boundaries of time and space. It is, therefore, not at all surprising that this basic instinct, or rather a base instinct, successfully manages to creep into all human transactions and manifests itself, more noticeably in the process of verbal communication. But, at the same time, the need to ‘get things done’ is also a matter of uppermost concern, and its importance cannot be understated. It is this factor that has the power to suppress the urge to dominate; it makes one willing to subordinate himself in a transaction. In any given instance, it is either the urge to dominate or the need to subordinate that finally stays, and it is decided by the prevailing equation of power in the given context. It boils down to the conclusion that â€Å"our words are never neutral; they carry the power that reflects the interests of those who speak or write.† (John Fiske, 1994; Fowler, et. al., 1979) An interesting quality of dominant discourse is that it usually represents and reinforces the interests of the elite section of the society. Professor Sue L. T. McGregor, in Critical Discourse Analysis – A Primer, says, â€Å"One of the central attributes of dominant discourse is its power to interpret conditions, issues, and events in favor of the elite.†   

The Supernatural in the Voice Essay Example for Free

The Supernatural in the Voice Essay Thomas Hardy is a poet well known for his pessimism and dark and gloomy undertone in his poems. He does not believe in God or heaven, but instead in the supernatural or spiritual force. This is strongly evident in the poem The Voice. The woman that call(s) to (him) is his wife Emma, whose death is the source of his pain. The persona never refers to Emma by name, instead he calls her the woman, she or as a ghost in After a Journey and even as a shadow in The Shadow on the Stone. The persona no longer calls Emma by name as he no longer recognises what form she has taken now that she has passed away and where (she) will be next theres no knowing. As Hardy does not accept the theory of heaven, he firmly believes that Emma is alive around him in the form of spiritual energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only converted to other forms. He believes that Emmas soul has been converted to another form, one that is very much alive, or at least in his mind. Hardy cannot deal with his great loss, and so he recreates Emma in his subconscious. Emmas ghost does not haunt him; it is he that makes the decision to see her. Let me view you then, he says. As Emma lives in the supernatural world, the persona has to move from the rational to the irrational world in order to view her. He imagines her calling to him; can it be (her) that (he) hear(s)? The repetition of call to me is a device used to signify how her voice echoes in his subconscious. Emma tells him that she is not as (she was) and that she has changed from the one who was all to (him). He then decides to conjure up an image of her when they were courting, a time when she was young and vibrant with life. Every detail is cemented in his mind, even to the original air-blue gown. Air-blue is a translucent, even transparent colour, one that ghost or spectre would appear as. In the third stanza, the assonance in the words wistlessness and listlessness create a soft, mysterious and flowing sound to signify the sound the breeze is making, hence having an onomatopoeic effect. Also, the breeze is personified, but it is more the persona that is listless than the breeze itself. The word dissolved adds to the image of Emmas soul being simply disintegrated in the wind. The wet mead sets the perfect atmosphere for an illusion; mysterious, foggy and spooky. The broken rhythm, as well as the alliteration of the line, Thus I; faltering forward enhances the physical image of the persona stumbling and struggling along. The effect of the vision on the persona is physically and mentally draining and leaves him weak. This relates to the poem The Going, where enjambment of the word I is used to show how the persona is on the edge of desperation. The leaves around (him) falling indicate that it is autumn, but rather creates the mental image that it is the persona falling. In the poem the Shadow on the Stone, the persona states that summer brought (them) sweets, but autumn wrought division between him and Emma. Autumn is clearly a season of despair and sadness for the persona. Onomatopoeia is used in wind oozing, the oo sound representing the wind and creating a ghostly and eerie effect. The thorn from norward represents the pain and anguish the persona is experiencing, and the wind carries it to him. And still he hears the voice of the woman calling. Throughout the poem, there runs an echo of a supernatural force. The poem resonates with sadness and melancholy, and with the voice of a beloved woman long dead. The irrational world is the only realm where the persona can be rational and sane. The personas love for the woman is so strong; he is willing to sacrifice his sanity in order to meet her. The poem has an extraordinary impact on the reader, and is proof that loves knows no boundaries and is not limited only to the physical world.

Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Performance Management Essay â€Å"Talent now gravitates to an organization that is flexible, has strong values and a robust performance ethic (Bhal, 2002).† In any organization no matter the size performance management is a critical element in regards to the human element that is the foundation of the organization. In order to effectively place, manage, and develop personnel a performance management plan is an essential part of the development process. In accordance with the previous recommendations for the Bollman Hotel’s planned expansion into India, the following information will be in regards to the alignment, job analysis, measurement, philosophy, and feedback of a recommended performance management plan. Alignment According to Bhal, many of the organizations in the India market have not focused on the human resource aspect of the business module (Bhal, 2002, p. 141). This has left a hard task to overcome for those companies looking to expand into the area. India has seen the need for a transformation in the Human Resource department, in terms of their treatment and beliefs in the management of their personnel. According to Amba-Rao, Petrick, Gupta, and Von der Embse there are four major areas that are said to be under renovation (Amba-Rao, Petrick, Gupta, Von der Embse, 2000, p. 61). The four areas are listed as: first, â€Å"high performance work systems have been shown to be crucial to sustaining global competiveness and they rely upon objective, adequate PA processes†, second â€Å"the productivity of work cultures in Indian organizations is jeopardized by employee PA practices that appear biased, ad hoc and non-integrated into a globally competitive HRM system, third â€Å"Indian managers have been criticized for not involving employees in the PA process†, and lastly â€Å" managerial values that are national culture-based, organizational culture-based and firm ownership-based can enhance or inhibit individual and organizational performance satisfaction† (Amba-Rao, Petrick, Gupta, Von der Embse, 2000, p. 61). These are the misconceptions and obstacles of that must be overcome for any organization venturing into India. Organizational Performance Philosophy Company philosophy must integrate the Indian culture as the expansion of the Bollman Hotel expands. According to Amba-Rao, Petrick, Gupta, and Von der Embse, studies have shown a low expectation of Indian workers as it relates to empowerment, effiecency, and development (Amba-Rao, Petrick, Gupta, Von der Embse, 2000, p. 65). This should be a strong focal point as Bollman looks into the expansion into this country. By ensuring that all of the employees feel they are valued and entrisical to the operations and success of the organization it will help the overall morale of the organization. As described by Cascio the treatment and philosophy of that employees ascribe to an organization is called employee relations (Cascio, 2010, p. 548). These are essential considerations in the development of the performance plan for the expansion of the Bollman Hotel. Job Analysis In the HRM field job analysis is defined by Cascio as â€Å"the process of obtaining and information about jobs† (Cascio W. , 2010, p. 163). In order to properly define a skill or job needed in the new market you must first look at the attributes and skill sets desired for each job function. Employees are the foundation of the organization and to develop and establish a good employee brand is an essential function of any organization. This task will not be a daunting task for the already prevalent Bollman Hotel. However, there will be a need for fine tuning and aligning the merging culture and socio-economics with the current Bollman brand. Measurement Procedures Cascio describes a performance management plan as a form of compass for the employee and employer (Cascio W. , 2010, p. 330). In establishing and assessing performance there must be established goals for each employee and an established measurement of each goal for that employee. In the instance of the Bollman Hotel, set measurements could be established based upon  customer complaints per 10 customers for example. Another measurement could be the number of return business clients per quarter. Skill Gaps and Delivering Performance Feedback By establishing a firm expectancy and goals for each employee and defined job descriptions this will help to ensure a quality performance plan. India employee pool is looking for an organization that will promote from within and place an emphasis on the development of each employee. The assessments need to be a formal integration into the policies and performance system in order to avoid skill gaps and performance gaps. A strong training, coaching, and integration process is essential to ensuring each employee is aware of their expectations and receive proper training for each desired job function (Bhal, 2002). In the Indian culture by making biased decisions and not giving a fair appraisal to each employee with the necessary feedback is a critical mistake that has plagued the Indian human resource arena (Amba-Rao, Petrick, Gupta, Von der Embse, 2000). India has seen a strong acceptance of open discussion in terms of feedback from employees during appraisals. This will help to foster a rapport a mutual understanding of expectations and goals listed for each employee. This also gives the manager the opportunity to establish a form of relationship with the employees and allows for a free flow of information up and down the chain of command. However, by doing this the manager need to ensure that the respect and communication is respectful and mutually beneficial (Bhal, 2002). Cascio has listed some useful feedback methodologies. The goal of each appraisal feedback session should look to improve and provide the employee with valuable information needed to advance and excel within the organization (Cascio W. , 2010, p. 341). Appraisals are also in compliance with the Labor Relation Laws of India and the documentation required to terminate an employee if need be. The use of comparisons or ranking systems may be a negative reinforcement system in terms of feedback per the India cultural and socio-economic systems in place (Bhal, 2002). This will also add to the divide of the cultural systems currently in place. Conclusion In essence a formal and detailed performance management system is essential to building a strong foundation for Bollman Hotel’s to flourish and thrive. In knowing the driving force behind the culture and what problems lay in waiting that could be the potential downfall of the hotel. By having strong communication and a good feedback system in place it will ensure that to break the stereotypical human resource conceptions and establish a strong foundation work force for Bollman. References Amba-Rao, S. C., Petrick, J., Gupta, J. N., Von der Embse, T. J. (2000). Comparative performance appraisal practices and management values among foreign and domestic firms in India. Int. J. of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 60-89. Bhal, K. (2002). Perceived Role of Human Resource Management in Indian Organizations: An Empirical Study 1. Global Business Review , 3(139), 139-152. Cascio, W. (2010). Managing Human Resources. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies . Cascio, W. F. (2010). Chapter 14 Procedural Justice and Ethics in Employee Relations. In W. F. Cascio, 8th (Ed.), Managing Human Resources (pp. 546-575). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies.

Novel Approaches to DoS Impact Measurement

Novel Approaches to DoS Impact Measurement J.Anto Sylverster Jeyaraj, C.Suriya, R.Sudha Abstract Over the past few years Denial of service (DoS) Attacks have emerged as serious vulnerability for almost every internet Services. Existing approach to DoS impact measurement in Deter Testbeds equate service denial with slow communication low throughput, high resource utilization, and high loss rate. These approaches are not versatile, not quantitative, not accurate because they fail to specify exact ranges of parameter values that correspond to good or poor service quality and they were not proven to correspond to human perception service denial. We propose Novel approaches to DoS impact that measure the quality of service experienced by users during an attack. Our novel approaches are quantitative, Versatile, accurate because they map QoS requirements for several applications into measurable traffic parameters with acceptable, scientifically determined thresholds, they apply to a wide range of attack scenarios, which we demonstrate via Deter testbed experiments Keywords Communication/network, Measurement techniques, performance of system, Network security 1. INTRODUCTION Denial of service (DoS) is a major threat. DoS severely disrupts legitimate communication by exhausting some critical limited resource via packet floods or by sending malformed packets that cause network elements to crash. The large number of devices, applications, and resources involved in communication offers a wide variety of mechanisms to deny service. Effects of DoS attacks are experienced by users as a server slowdown, service quality degradation, service degradation. DoS attacks have been studied through testbed experiments. Accurately measuring the impairment of service quality perceived by human clients during an attack is essential for evaluation and comparison of potential DoS defenses, and for study of novel attacks. Researchers and developers need accurate, quantitative, and versatile. Accurate metrics produce measures of service denial that closely agree with a human’s perception of service impairment in a similar scenario. Quantitative metrics define ranges of parameter values that signify service denial, using scientific guidelines. Versatile metrics apply to many DoS scenarios regardless of the underlying mechanism for service denial, attack dynamics, legitimate traffic mix, or network topology. Existing approaches to DoS impact measurement fall short of these goals. They collect one or several traffic measurements and compare their first-order statistics (e.g., mean, standard deviation, minimum, or maximum) or their distributions in the baseline and the attack case. Frequently used traffic measurements include the legitimate traffic’s request/response delay, legitimate transactions durations, legitimate traffic’s goodput, throughput, or loss, and division of a critical resource between the legitimate and the attack traffic. If a defense is being evaluated, these metrics are also used for its collateral damage. Lack of consensus on which measurements best reflect the DoS impact cause researchers to choose ones they feel are the most relevant. Such metrics are not versatile, since each independent traffic measurement captures only one aspect of service denial. For example, a prolonged request/response time will properly signal DoS for two-way applications such a s Web, FTP, and DNS, but not for media traffic that is sensitive to one-way delay, packet loss, and jitter. The lack of common DoS impact metrics prevents comparison among published work. We further argue that the current measurement approaches are neither quantitative nor accurate. Adhoc comparisons of measurement statistics or distributions only show how network traffic behaves differently under attack, but do not quantify which services have been denied and how severely. To our knowledge, no studies show that existing metrics agree with human perception of service denial. We survey existing DoS impact metrics in Section 2. We propose a novel approach to DoS impact measurement. Our key insight is that DoS always causes degradation of service quality, and a metric that holistically captures a human user’s QoS perception will be applicable to all test scenarios. For each popular application, we specify its QoS requirements, consisting of relevant traffic measurements and corresponding thresholds that define good service ranges. We observe traffic as a collection of high-level tasks called â€Å"transactions† (defined in Section3).Each legitimate transaction is evaluated against its application’s QoS requirements; transactions that do not meet all the requirements are considered â€Å"failed.† We aggregate information about transaction failure into several intuitive qualitative and quantitative composite metrics to expose the precise interaction of the DoS attack with the legitimate traffic. We describe our proposed approaches in Section 3. We demonstrate that our approaches mee t the goals of being accurate, quantitative, and versatile through testbed experiments with multiple DoS scenarios and legitimate traffic mixes. Conclude in Section 5. 2. EXISTING METRICS Prior DoS research has focused on measuring DoS through selected legitimate traffic parameters: Packet loss, Traffic throughput or goodput, Request/response delay, Transaction duration, and Allocation of resources. Researchers have used both simple metrics (single traffic parameter) and combinations of them to report the impact of an attack on the network. All existing metrics are not quantitative because they do not specify ranges of loss, throughput, delay, duration, or resource shares that correspond to service denial. Indeed, such values cannot be specified in general because they highly depend on the type of application whose traffic coexists with the attack: 10 percent loss of VoIP traffic is devastating while 10 percent loss of DNS traffic is merely a glitch. All existing metrics are not versatile and we point out below the cases where they fail to measure service denial. They are inaccurate since they have not been proven to correspond to a human user’s perception of service denial. 3. PROPOSED APPROACHES TO DOS IMPACT EASURMENT 3.3 DoS Metrics We aggregate the transaction success/failure measures into several intuitive composite metrics. Percentage of failed transactions (pft) per application type. This metric directly captures the impact of a DoS attack on network services by quantifying the QoS experienced by users. For each transaction that overlaps with the attack, we evaluate transaction success or failure applying Definition 3. A straightforward approach to the pft calculation is dividing the number of failed transactions by the number of all transactions during the attack. This produces biased results for clients that generate transactions serially. If a client does not generate each request in a dedicated thread, timing of subsequent requests depends on the completion of previous requests. In this case, transaction density during an attack will be lower than without an attack, since transactions overlapping the attack will last longer. This skews the pft calculation because each success or failure has a higher influence on the pft value during an attack than in its absence. In our experiments, IRC and telnet clients suffered from this deficiency. To remedy this problem, we calculate the pft value as the difference between 1 (100 percent) and the ratio of the number of successful transactions divided by the number of all transactions that would have been initiated by a given application during the same time if the attack were not present. The DoS-hist metric shows the histogram of pft measures across applications, and is helpful to understand each application’s resilience to the attack. The DoS-level metric is the weighted average of pft measures for all applications of interest: DoS-level =, where k spans all application categories, and wk is a weight associated with a category k. We introduced this metric because in some experiments it may be useful to produce a single number that describes the DoS impact. But we caution that DoS-level is highly dependent on the chosen application weights and thus can be biased. QoS-ratio is the ratio of the difference between a transaction’s traffic measurement and its corresponding threshold, divided by this threshold. The QoS metric for each successful transaction shows the user-perceived service quality, in the range (0, 1], where higher numbers indicate better quality. It is useful to evaluate service quality degradation during attacks. We compute it by averaging QoS-ratios for all traffic measurements of a given transaction that have defined thresholds. For failed transactions, we compute the related QoS-degrade metric, to quantify severity of service denial. QoS-degrade is the absolute value of QoS-ratio of that transaction’s measurement that exceeded its QoS threshold by the largest margin. This metric is in the range (0,1] .Intuitively, a value N of QoS-degrade means that the service of failed transactions was N times worse than a user could tolerate. While arguably any denial is significant and there is no need to quantify its severity, perception of DoS is highly subjective. Low values of QoS-degrade (e.g., The failure ratio shows the percentage of live transactions in the current (1-second) interval that will fail in the future. The failure ratio is useful for evaluation of DoS defenses, to capture the speed of a defense’s response, and for time-varying attacks . Transactions that are born during the attack are considered live until they complete successfully or fail. Transactions that are born before the attack are considered live after the attack starts. A failed transaction contributes to the failed transaction count in all intervals where it was live. 4. EVALUATION IN TESTBED EXPERIMENTS We first evaluate our metrics in experiments on the DETER testbed [15]. It allows security researchers to evaluate attacks and defences in a controlled environment. Fig. 2 shows our experimental topology. Four legitimate networks and two attack networks are connected via four core routers. Each legitimate network has four server nodes and two client nodes, and is connected to the core via an access router. Links between the access router and the core have 100-Mbps bandwidth and 10-40-ms delay, while other links have 1-Gbps bandwidth and no added delay. The location of bottlenecks is chosen to mimic high-bandwidth local networks that connect over a limited access link to an over provisioned core. Attack networks host two attackers each, and connect directly to core routers Fig.2. Experimental topology. 4.1 Background Traffic Each client generates a mixture of Web, DNS, FTP, IRC, VoIP, ping, and telnet traffic. We used open-source servers and clients when possible to generate realistic traffic at the application, transport, and network level. For example, we used an Apache server and wget client for Web traffic, bind server and dig client for DNS traffic, etc. Telnet, IRC, and VoIP clients and the VoIP server were custom-built in Perl. Clients talk with servers in their own and adjacent networks. Fig. 2 shows the traffic patterns. Traffic patterns for IRC and VoIP differ because those application clients could not support multiple simultaneous connections. All attacks target the Web server in network 4 and cross its bottleneck link, so only this network’s traffic should be impacted by the attacks. Illustrate our metrics in realistic traffic scenarios for various attacks. We modified the topology from [8] to ensure that bottlenecks occur only before the attack target, to create more realistic attack conditions. We used a more artificial traffic mix , with regular service request arrivals and identical file sizes for each application, to clearly isolate and illustrate features of our metrics. Traffic parameters are chosen to produce the same transaction density in each application category (Table 3): roughly 100 transactions for each application during 1,300 seconds, which is the attack duration. All transactions succeed in the absence of the attack. bottleneck links (more frequent variant) and 2) by generating a high packet rate that exhausts the CPU at a router leading to the target. We generate the first attack type: a UDP bandwidth flood. Packet sizes had range [750 bytes,1.25 Kbytes] and total packet rate was 200 Kpps. This generates a volume that is roughly 16 times the bottleneck bandwidth. The expected effect is that access link of network 4 will become congested and traffic between networks 1 and 4, and networks 3 and 4 will be denied service. 5. CONCLUSIONS One cannot understand a complex phenomenon like DoS without being able to measure it in an objective, accurate way. The work described here defines accurate, quantitative, and versatile metrics for measuring effectiveness of DoS attacks and defenses. Our approach is objective, reproducible, and applicable to a wide variety of attack and defense methodologies. Its value has been demonstrated in testbeds environments. Our approaches are usable by other researchers in their own work. They offer the first real opportunity to compare and contrast different DoS attacks and defenses on an objective head-to-head basis. We expect that this work will advance DoS research by providing a clear measure of success for any proposed defense, and helping researchers gain insight into strengths and weaknesses of their solutions. REFERENCES [1] A. Yaar, A. Perrig, and D. Song, â€Å"SIFF: A Stateless Internet Flow Filter to Mitigate DDoS Flooding Attacks,† Proc. IEEE Symp. Security and Privacy (SP), 2004. [2] A. Kuzmanovic and E.W. Knightly, â€Å"Low-Rate TCP-Targeted Denial of Service Attacks (The Shrew versus the Mice and Elephants),† Proc. ACM SIGCOMM ’03, Aug. 2003. [3] CERT Advisory CA-1996-21 TCP SYN Flooding and IP Spoofing Attacks, CERT CC, http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-1996-21.html, 1996. [4] R. Mahajan, S.M. Bellovin, S. Floyd, J. Ioannidis, V. Paxson, and S. Shenker, â€Å"Controlling High Bandwidth Aggregates in the Network,† ACM Computer Comm. Rev., July 2001. [5] G. Oikonomou, J. Mirkovic, P. Reiher, and M. Robinson, â€Å"A Framework for Collaborative DDoS Defense,† Proc. 11th Asia-Pacific Computer Systems Architecture Conf. (ACSAC ’06), Dec. 2006. [6] Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis, CAIDA Web page,http://www.caida.org, 2008. [7] MAWI Working Group Traffic Archive, WIDE Project, http://tracer.csl.sony.co.jp/mawi/, 2008 [8] â€Å"QoS Performance requirements for UMTS,† The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Nortel Networks, http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG1_Serv/TSGS1_03-HCourt/Docs/Docs/s1-99362.pdf, 2008. [9] N. Bhatti, A. Bouch, and A. Kuchinsky, â€Å"Quality is in the Eye of the Beholder: Meeting Users’ Requirements for Internet Quality of Service,† Technical Report HPL-2000-4, Hewlett Packard, 2000. [10] L. Yamamoto and J.G. Beerends, â€Å"Impact of Network Performance Parameters on the End-to-End Perceived Speech Quality,† Proc.EXPERT ATM Traffic Symp., Sept. 1997. [11] T. Beigbeder, R. Coughlan, C. Lusher, J. Plunkett, E. Agu, and M. Claypool, â€Å"The Effects of Loss and Latency on User Performance in Unreal Tournament 2003,† Proc. ACM Network and System Support for Games Workshop (NetGames), 2004. [12] N. Sheldon, E. Girard, S. Borg, M. Claypool, and E. Agu, â€Å"The Effect of Latency on User Performance in Warcraft III,† Proc. ACM Network and System Support for Games Workshop (NetGames), 2003. [13] B.N. Chun and D.E. Culler, â€Å"User-Centric Performance Analysis of Market-Based Cluster Batch Schedulers,† Proc. Second IEEE Int’l Symp. Cluster Computing and the GridProc. Second IEEE/ACM Int’l Conf. Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGRID ’02), May 2002. [14] J. Ash, M. Dolly, C. Dvorak, A. Morton, P. Taraporte, and Y.E. Mghazli, Y.1541-QOSM—Y.1541 QoS Model for Networks Using Y.1541 QoS Classes, NSIS Working Group, Internet Draft,work in progress, May 2006. [15] T. Benzel, R. Braden, D. Kim, C. Neuman, A. Joseph, K. Sklower,R. Ostrenga, and S. Schwab, â€Å"Experiences with DETER: A Testbed for Security Research,† Proc. Second Int’l IEEE/Create-Net Conf.Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities (TridentCOM ’06), Mar. 2006. [16] D.J. Bernstein, TCP 22 Syncookies, http://cr.yp.to/syncookies.html, 2008.

Camden County Essay -- Social Issues, Drugs, Violence

Mobsters, drugs, and violence sounds like a plot for a 50’s gangster movie but it is the everyday life for people living in Camden County, New Jersey. The city is portrayed as falling apart, over run with corruption and violence in Chris Hedges article â€Å"City of Ruins.† Soon Camden County will become a forgotten ghost town if they do not make drastic changes with the government, education system, and bring jobs back to the county. This article is about the city of Camden and how they went from being a thriving city to a city that is now in economic crisis. The city has a population of 70,390 and is the poorest city in the nation (16). Camden has an unemployment rate of 30-40% and has an average household income of 24,600 (16). In the past Camden was an industrial giant with several large companies like Campbell’s soup and RCA having factories there, which employed 36,000 people (17). Closing of the factories is one of the main reasons for Camden Counties' high unemployment rate. Over the past few years Camden has been forced to make â€Å"$28 million in draconian budget cuts, with officials talking about cutting 25 percent from every department, including layoffs of nearly half the police force† (16). With the lack of funds the counties education system is beginning to suffer with them having to cut the library rate by 2/3, now they have aâ€Å"70 percent high school dropout rate, with only 13 p ercent of students managing to pass the state’s proficiency exams in math† (16).With all of the empty factories, empty houses, and vacant lots Camden is beginning to become a very unappealing and unhappy place to live. Living in Camden is becoming an unhealthy place to live. It has become over run with homeless people and â€Å"the only white people visi... ...ys a better side to the situation waiting to be found â€Å"Despite Camden's bleakness, despite its crime and its deprivation, despite the lost factory jobs that are never coming back—despite all this, valiant souls somehow rise up in magnificent defiance† (18). The town of Camden is trying to rebuild the town by building new buildings like the aquarium and new law school but Hedges clearly states that nothing in this town will prosper if the mob does not want it to Camden County is a town in complete and total ruins. They are over run with corruption and violence. Hedges' article does a good job of portraying just how bad off the town truly is. The economy is suffering, the education system is lacking in several areas and the police force is a joke. If changes are not made soon Camden County, they will no longer be a town that ant one will want to live in or visit.

The Influence of Beck :: Bek David Campbell Musicians Essays

The Influence of Beck One of the most eccentric and talented performed of my time is definitely Beck. I have followed Beck since my young teen years and have found that his music has followed me in every aspect of my life. This soundtrack of my being has become so influential that I look forward to every album as a step in the next direction of my days. Bek David Campbell was born July 8, 1970, in Los Angeles, and came from an exceptionally sturdy music background. His father David Campbell, was a conductor and string arranger giving Beck his strong musical background. His mother, Bibbe Hansen, was an actress who went as far as to work with such artists as Andy Warhol. Also, his grandfather, Al Hansen, was involved with the Fluxus art movement and was best known for launching the career of Yoko Ono. Beck grew up mostly in Los Angeles, also spending some time in Europe and in the Kansas City area with both of his sets of grandparents. A seemingly bad decision to drop out of school in tenth grade led to Beck’s early career as a street performer playing acoustic blues and folk music, as well as trying his hand in the poetry. In 1988, he produced a cassette of home recordings called The Banjo Story, which led to his move to New York in 1989. He soon returned to L.A. to find his calling at rock clubs by playing a few songs in between the regular sets. In 1991, Bong Load Records discovered Beck. The label gave him the idea to mix his eccentric style with hip-hop beats creating the infamous Loser single. This was my first encounter with Beck’s music. I was a young teen that was into the grunge movement by the likes of Kurt Cobain and found the tunes on Mellow Gold, the CD that contain the â€Å"Loser† single, to be amazing. I soon found myself buying a yard sale guitar and teaching myself how to play and mimic Beck’s every move on the folk axe. While I was busy enjoying these sweet sounds, Beck's major-label debut, Mellow Gold, was becoming the â€Å"anthem for the so-called slacker generation†. It quickly climbed into the Top 20 and eventually went platinum. He quickly signed to DGC, the David Geffin Recording Company, and put out two more independent albums Stereopathetic Soul Manure, which consisted of lo-fi noise rock and One Foot in the Grave, material from Beck's 1992 session for K Records. The Influence of Beck :: Bek David Campbell Musicians Essays The Influence of Beck One of the most eccentric and talented performed of my time is definitely Beck. I have followed Beck since my young teen years and have found that his music has followed me in every aspect of my life. This soundtrack of my being has become so influential that I look forward to every album as a step in the next direction of my days. Bek David Campbell was born July 8, 1970, in Los Angeles, and came from an exceptionally sturdy music background. His father David Campbell, was a conductor and string arranger giving Beck his strong musical background. His mother, Bibbe Hansen, was an actress who went as far as to work with such artists as Andy Warhol. Also, his grandfather, Al Hansen, was involved with the Fluxus art movement and was best known for launching the career of Yoko Ono. Beck grew up mostly in Los Angeles, also spending some time in Europe and in the Kansas City area with both of his sets of grandparents. A seemingly bad decision to drop out of school in tenth grade led to Beck’s early career as a street performer playing acoustic blues and folk music, as well as trying his hand in the poetry. In 1988, he produced a cassette of home recordings called The Banjo Story, which led to his move to New York in 1989. He soon returned to L.A. to find his calling at rock clubs by playing a few songs in between the regular sets. In 1991, Bong Load Records discovered Beck. The label gave him the idea to mix his eccentric style with hip-hop beats creating the infamous Loser single. This was my first encounter with Beck’s music. I was a young teen that was into the grunge movement by the likes of Kurt Cobain and found the tunes on Mellow Gold, the CD that contain the â€Å"Loser† single, to be amazing. I soon found myself buying a yard sale guitar and teaching myself how to play and mimic Beck’s every move on the folk axe. While I was busy enjoying these sweet sounds, Beck's major-label debut, Mellow Gold, was becoming the â€Å"anthem for the so-called slacker generation†. It quickly climbed into the Top 20 and eventually went platinum. He quickly signed to DGC, the David Geffin Recording Company, and put out two more independent albums Stereopathetic Soul Manure, which consisted of lo-fi noise rock and One Foot in the Grave, material from Beck's 1992 session for K Records.

Political Philosophy and Machiavelli Essay

Niccolo Machiavelli’s essay, â€Å"The Qualities of the Prince† is a very interesting piece of literary work that has an atypical way of depicting the qualities of a successful leader. Machiavelli developed a way of thinking that changes the human perspective on what a quality leader is made of. He took what people were afraid to say aloud and voiced it in a way that almost unraveled the truth about what people in power were really like. Machiavelli comes to a junction is his essay when he writes; â€Å"being disarmed makes you despised†. When Machiavelli says this he means to say that in order for someone to appear powerful they must be armed and physically capable of warfare. In his essay he very clearly portrays that in order for someone to have control and ultimate power, they must have the means to start a war. Machiavelli makes the point in his essay that people are ultimately naà ¯ve and easily manipulated and that in order to be an exceptional leader, you must be unafraid to do what’s necessary to survive the political wilderness. This is not to say that you should go about your power abusing it because you have the power to, but rather use it in situations when it is necessary. He also says that it is more important to be feared then loved but not too feared because then people may get the idea to over throw you. I found this essay quite radical but very interesting. I think that although I wish it weren’t true, that most politicians today have this sort of mindset. I believe this piece of literary work to be the most contradicting of Machiavelli’s time.

Blood in The Tragedy of Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Essay

In both Lord of the Flies by William Golding and The Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare, blood is used to symbolize violence in man, whether it is portraying loss of innocence and the malicious urges of a corrupted heart or the deep guilt scarring an individual after a murder. The Tragedy of Macbeth uses blood as a symbol repeatedly throughout the plot. The play is about a young nobleman of Scotland named Macbeth. After a long day of fighting, Macbeth and another character named Banquo cross paths with three weird sisters. When the witches first spoke, they told a prophecy, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!†(1.3.48-50). After Macbeth learned his future, he and his wife plotted to kill the king of Scotland. Initially after the murder, Macbeth felt guilty for his sin, and uses blood to literally and symbolically show his guilt. â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red†(2.2.59-62). Blood in this specific example portrays the intense feeling of guilt that Macbeth had. He believed that nothing would take the blood spilled from the murder off of his hands. This is very similar to how Jack from Lord of the Flies felt first about the idea of him killing the innocent. The first time the boys on the island hunted down a pig to kill, Jack had the opportunity to kill it but did not. This relates back to the guilt felt by Macbeth, as both examples show the characters feelings about bloodshed before they became killers. Both Macbeth and Jack seemed brave to anyone viewing them, but were scared of murder in the beginning. However, as both plots thickened, the characters changed for the worse and went on to kill more and more. After Jack killed the sow, he took her blood and wiped it all over his face and then proceeded to shove a pointed stick through her head and display her to anyone who looked. In The Tragedy of Macbeth, after Macbeth got over the guilt of his first murder he  then went on to kill an even larger number of people. Both Jack and Macbeth lost all of their innocence and let their violent, corrupted hearts take over. They grew more and more bloodthirsty, and their murderous natures became overwhelming to them. In fact, the craving to kill became so strong for both characters that they slaughtered the innocent, just because they could. In Lord of the Flies, Jack and his boys killed Simon and Piggy along with attempting to kill Ralph. The deaths of Simon and Piggy were results of Jack’s heart becoming more evil, and wanting to kill just to kill. Jack did not have to kill them. This is similar to how Macbeth attempted to kill MacDuff. The witches told Macbeth that he didn’t need to kill MacDuff, and his position on the throne was already sealed. They also told him that he needed to beware of MacDuff. However, Macbeth didn’t listen to them and wanted no more than to kill for the sake of killing. Macbeth went on to kill everyone in MacDuff’s castle, and he tried and failed to kill MacDuff himself. This resulted in the death of Macbeth. The idea of bloodlust and death was shown even before Jack or Macbeth committed murder. When Golding described the island that the boys were stranded on, the damage that the airplane did to the island was called a â€Å"scar.† Since scars are created from cuts, they bleed. Another example from Lord of the Flies is when Ralph plunges into the water for the first time. Golding described the water being warmer than blood, which gave readers the idea that bloodlust would become a very prominent image in the novel. In The Tragedy of Macbeth, blood and violence was seen everywhere. â€Å"And Fortune, on his damned quarrel smiling, showed like a rebel’s whore: but all’s too weak: for brave Macbeth- well he deserves that name- disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with blood execution, like valor’s minion carved out his passage till he faced the slave; which nev’r shook hands, nor bade farewell to him, till he unseamed him from the nave to th’ chops, and fixed his head upon our battlements†(1.2.14-23). This example shows Macbeth actually being praised for his brutality, which shows that he already had a killer inside of him. However, Macbeth was not killing for personal gain at this point, but killed as a result of battle. Both in the novel Lord of the Flies and the play The Tragedy of Macbeth,  murder and the spilling of blood turned both the characters Jack and Macbeth into malicious, bloodthirsty killers. Blood was a symbol in both writings to show the evil and violent nature of mankind, along with feelings of guilt, loss of innocence, and bloodlust.

Adolescent Identity Development Essay

Lord of the Flies Novel by William Golding: The Importance of Self-Discovery Lord Of Flies( The Importance of self-discovery) 1 Human should understand the importance of self-discovery. In the Lord of the Flies, Ralph, Simon and Samneric learned the weaknesses and darkness within the human hearts. People grows up when they faces a challenge. Ralph Ds challenge is how to be a good and responsible leader. Simon’s challenge is how to speak at front of people. Samneric’s challenge is how to make right choice. The truth about self-discovery may be cruel, but it is worth to learn from it. Ralph is being a playful, innocent child in the beginning of the story, but towards the end he matures significantly. Excluding Piggy, Ralph is the most mature and responsible member of the boys, for he is concerned throughout the book with keeping the fire on the mountain going, and building shelter. † If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire. † pg,37 Ralph always has the strong belief that all the children will be saved from the island sooner or later, but at middle part of the story he begins to doubting it. At end of the story, after the death of Piggy, Ralph’s encounter with the Lord of the Flies, he knocks over the pig’s skull. † A sick tear and rage swept him. Fiercely he hit out at the filthy thing in front of him that bobbed like a toy and came back, still grinning into his face, so that he lashed and cried out in loathing. † pg206 Ralph realize the evil is part of him and just as to other boys. However, he is the only person who acknowledges the importance of being responsible, and he takes over as a true leader even though he is not necessarily good at it.    3Sam and Eric represents the crowd in modern society, Just like every ordinary human. They are faithful and mostly good. They can be described as loyalist in the story. Their rule is to serve whomever is the leader. For example when Jack says † Grab them! No one moved. Jack shouted angrily. I said † grab them†! † Samneric finally give into his threats on their travel to Castle Rock. Later, then betray Ralph, by showing his hiding place to Jack. † You’re sure he meant in there? The twin moaned faintly and then squealed again. † † He meant he’d hide in there? † pg. 214 In this way, Samneric symbolize the weakness of human nature. They have lose any real sense of loyalty to others.

Part Three Chapter III

III Gavin could have invited Mary into his office to discuss the most recent exchange of letters with the insurance company, but decided to visit her at home instead. He had kept the late afternoon free of appointments, on the off-chance that she might ask him to stay for something to eat; she was a fantastic cook. His instinctive shying away from her naked grief had been dissipated by regular contact. He had always liked Mary, but Barry had eclipsed her in company. Not that she ever appeared to dislike her supporting role; on the contrary, she had seemed delighted to beautify the background, happy laughing at Barry's jokes, happy simply to be with him. Gavin doubted that Kay had ever been happy to play second fiddle in her life. Crashing the gears as he drove up Church Row, he thought that Kay would have been outraged by any suggestion that she modify her behaviour or suppress her opinions for the sake of her partner's enjoyment, his happiness or his self-esteem. He did not think that he had ever been unhappier in a relationship than he was now. Even in the death throes of the affair with Lisa, there had been temporary truces, laughs, sudden poignant reminders of better times. The situation with Kay was like war. Sometimes he forgot that there was supposed to be any affection between them; did she even like him? They had had their worst ever argument by telephone on the morning after Miles and Samantha's dinner party. Eventually, Kay had slammed down the receiver, cutting Gavin off. For a full twenty-four hours he had believed that their relationship was at an end, and although this was what he wanted he had experienced more fear than relief. In his fantasies, Kay simply disappeared back to London, but the reality was that she had tethered herself to Pagford with a job and a daughter at Winterdown. He faced the prospect of bumping into her wherever he went in the tiny town. Perhaps she was already poisoning the well of gossip against him; he imagined her repeating some of the things she had said to him on the telephone to Samantha, or to that nosy old woman in the delicatessen who gave him goose-flesh. I uprooted my daughter and left my job and moved house for you, and you treat me like a hooker you don't have to pay. People would say that he had behaved badly. Perhaps he had behaved badly. There must have been a crucial point when he ought to have pulled back, but he had not seen it. Gavin spent the whole weekend brooding on how it would feel to be seen as the bad guy. He had never been in that position before. After Lisa had left him, everybody had been kind and sympathetic, especially the Fairbrothers. Guilt and dread dogged him until, on Sunday evening, he cracked and called Kay to apologize. Now he was back where he did not want to be, and he hated Kay for it. Parking his car in the Fairbrothers' drive, as he had done so often when Barry was alive, he headed for the front door, noticing that somebody had mowed the lawn since he had last called. Mary answered his ring on the doorbell almost instantaneously. ‘Hi, how – Mary, what's wrong?' Her whole face was wet, her eyes brimming with diamond-bright tears. She gulped once or twice, shook her head, and then, without quite knowing how it had happened, Gavin found himself holding her in his arms on the doorstep. ‘Mary? Has something happened?' He felt her nod. Acutely aware of their exposed position, of the open road behind him, Gavin manoeuvred her inside. She was small and fragile in his arms; her fingers clutched at him, her face pressed into his coat. He relinquished his briefcase as gently as he could, but the sound of it hitting the floor made her withdraw from him, her breath short as she covered her mouth with her hands. ‘I'm sorry †¦ I'm sorry †¦ oh God, Gav †¦' ‘What's happened?' His voice sounded different from usual: forceful, take command, more like the way Miles sometimes talked in a crisis at work. ‘Someone's put †¦ I don't †¦ someone's put Barry's †¦' She beckoned him into the home office, cluttered, shabby and cosy, with Barry's old rowing trophies on the shelves, and a big framed photograph on the wall of eight teenage girls punching the air, with medals around their necks. Mary pointed a trembling finger at the computer screen. Still in his coat, Gavin dropped into the chair and stared at the message board of Pagford Parish Council's website. ‘I w-was in the delicatessen this morning, and Maureen Lowe told me that lots of people had put messages of condolence on the site †¦ so I was going to p-post a message to s-say thank you. And – look †¦' He spotted it as she spoke. Simon Price Unfit to Stand for Council, posted by The Ghost of Barry Fairbrother. ‘Jesus Christ,' said Gavin in disgust. Mary dissolved into tears again. Gavin wanted to put his arms back around her, but was afraid to, especially here, in this snug little room so full of Barry. He compromised by taking hold of her thin wrist and leading her through the hall into the kitchen. ‘You need a drink,' he told her, in that unfamiliarly strong and commanding voice. ‘Sod coffee. Where's the proper stuff?' But he remembered before she answered; he had seen Barry take the bottles out of the cupboard often enough, so he mixed her a small gin and tonic, which was the only thing he had ever known her drink before dinner. ‘Gav, it's four in the afternoon.' ‘Who gives a damn?' said Gavin, in his new voice. ‘Get that down you.' An unbalanced laugh broke her sobs; she accepted the glass and sipped. He fetched her kitchen roll to mop her face and eyes. ‘You're so kind, Gav. Don't you want anything? Coffee or †¦ or beer?' she asked, on another weak laugh. He fetched himself a bottle from the fridge, took off his coat and sat down opposite her at the island in the middle of the room. After a while, when she had drunk most of her gin, she became calm and quiet again, the way he always thought of her. ‘Who d'you think did it?' she asked him. ‘Some total bastard,' said Gavin. ‘They're all fighting over his council seat, now. Squabbling away over the Fields as usual. And he's still in there, putting his two cents in. The Ghost of Barry Fairbrother. Maybe it really is him, posting on the message board?' Gavin did not know whether this was meant as a joke, and settled for a slight smile that might be quickly removed. ‘You know, I'd love to think that he's worrying about us, wherever he is; about me and the kids. But I doubt it. I'll bet he's still most worried about Krystal Weedon. Do you know what he'd probably say to me if he was here?' She drained her glass. Gavin had not thought that he had mixed the gin very strong, but there were patches of high colour on her cheeks. ‘No,' he said cautiously. ‘He'd tell me that I've got support,' said Mary, and to Gavin's astonishment, he heard anger in the voice he always thought of as gentle. ‘Yeah, he'd probably say, â€Å"You've got all the family and our friends and the kids to comfort you, but Krystal,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Mary's voice was becoming louder, ‘†Krystal's got nobody to look out for her.† D'you know what he spent our wedding anniversary doing?' ‘No,' said Gavin again. ‘Writing an article for the local paper about Krystal. Krystal and the Fields. The bloody Fields. If I never hear them mentioned again, it'll be too soon. I want another gin. I don't drink enough.' Gavin picked up her glass automatically and returned to the drinks cupboard, stunned. He had always regarded her and Barry's marriage as literally perfect. Never had it occurred to him that Mary might be other than one hundred per cent approving of every venture and crusade with which the ever-busy Barry concerned himself. ‘Rowing practice in the evenings, driving them to races at the weekends,' she said, over the tinkling of ice he was adding to her glass, ‘and most nights he was on the computer, trying to get people to support him about the Fields, and getting stuff on the agenda for council meetings. And everyone always said, â€Å"Isn't Barry marvellous, the way he does it all, the way he volunteers, he's so involved with the community.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ She took a big gulp of her fresh gin and tonic. ‘Yes, marvellous. Absolutely marvellous. Until it killed him. All day long, on our wedding anniversary, struggling to meet that stupid deadline. They haven't even printed it yet.' Gavin could not take his eyes off her. Anger and alcohol had restored colour to her face. She was sitting upright, instead of cowed and hunched over, as she had been recently. ‘That's what killed him,' she said clearly, and her voice echoed a little in the kitchen. ‘He gave everything to everybody. Except to me.' Ever since Barry's funeral, Gavin had dwelled, with a sense of deep inadequacy, on the comparatively small gap that he was sure he would leave behind in his community, should he die. Looking at Mary, he wondered whether it would not be better to leave a huge hole in one person's heart. Had Barry not realized how Mary felt? Had he not realized how lucky he was? The front door opened with a loud clatter, and he heard the sound of the four children coming in; voices and footsteps and the thumping of shoes and bags. ‘Hi, Gav,' said eighteen-year-old Fergus, kissing his mother on top of her head. ‘Are you drinking, Mum?' ‘It's my fault,' said Gavin. ‘Blame me.' They were such nice kids, the Fairbrother kids. Gavin liked the way they talked to their mother, hugged her, chatted to each other and to him. They were open, polite and funny. He thought of Gaia, her vicious asides, silences like jagged glass, the snarling way she addressed him. ‘Gav, we haven't even talked about the insurance,' said Mary, as the children surged around the kitchen, finding themselves drinks and snacks. ‘It doesn't matter,' said Gavin, without thinking, before correcting himself hastily; ‘shall we go through to the sitting room or †¦?' ‘Yes, let's.' She wobbled a little getting down from the high kitchen stool, and he caught her arm again. ‘Are you staying for dinner, Gav?' called Fergus. ‘Do, if you want to,' said Mary. A surge of warmth flooded him. ‘I'd love to,' he said. ‘Thanks.'

WHap essay

First Civilizations began to dissolve, the Second-Wave Empires began to rise and take their place. While the similarities and continuities between the First Civilizations and the Second-Wave Empires are evident, the differences are also very clear. With the fall of the First Civilizations came a second wave of strikingly similar societies when viewed from afar. They were still ruled by monarchs and continued to include classes, caste, and discrimination; Elites were still on top with everyone else far below.The Elites continued to sit back and bathe In the riches while exploiting the peasant farmers and slaves. This made for no Innovation or effort due to lack of motivation. During the time of the Second-Wave Empires there were no technological or Industrial advancements from the first collocations. They were still based on agricultural societies with little to no other areas of Income. With Just a glance the similarities are noticeable, however when you take a closer look the differ ences are striking. Hen you start to really dig deep you discover several differences. In the Second-Wave population grew at a much more rapid pace due to the age of agrarian civilizations. The empires also were much larger. These empires and states included the Roman, Persian, Indian, and the Chinese empires. With the larger empires came more diversity however, with more diversity came more tension; resulting in the rising and falling of many of these great empires. With the Second-Wave also came more religion and culture.Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Greek rationalism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all examples of the rising religions; they all have provided the structure for the way people live today. Although first civilizations had classes, caste, and slaves, the Second wave amplified the use of classes and slaves. But the largest change between he First-Civilizations and The Second-Wave Empires was rising of a far more intricate communication network allowing for co mmunication between states and empires.Through these two eras there were many changes, fluctuations, and lots of repeating cycles, although they did not hold any fundamental or revolutionary transformations. The major turning points had already occurred at the beginning of the first era with the agricultural revolution. Overall, through all the similarities and differences between the First-Civilization and the Second-Wave the world changed in drastic ways. The only question is was it for the better or worse? WHap essay By matched with everyone else far below.The Elites continued to sit back and bathe in the riches while exploiting the peasant farmers and slaves. This made for no innovation or were no technological or industrial advancements from the first civilizations. They were still based on agricultural societies with little to no other areas of income. With just a glance the similarities are noticeable, however when you take a closer look the When you start to really dig deep you the First-civilizations.

The Importance of Training and Development in the Tesco Plc Essay

The Importance of Training and Development in the Tesco Plc - Essay Example The main results of the research highlight the fact that training and development programs are required in every organization including Tesco Plc as it increases the productivity of the organizations. Training and development is the main focus of the research, which is the chosen topic for the study. It is an important part of the business growth that relates to the development of the overall performance of the company. An organization is bound to provide training programs to the employees to inject the culture of the company and develop their skills as per the requirement of the clients. The training programs also help in developing the future of employees and achieve the goal determined by the company. The research aims at elaborating the training and development programs of Tesco Plc and whether the programs can add value to the development of the company. Hence, Tesco Plc is the main target company, whose training and development programs are evaluated and recommendations are giv en pertaining to the best training practices in Tesco Plc that add value to its operation. The main reason for choosing Tesco Plc for the research as it is one of the best retailers in the world, which exercises excellent training system. Though the company is confident regarding its training and development programs the research will help Tesco Plc to access the success of the programs through empirical analysis. It is observed that there are few types of research pertaining to this topic in the past and the researchers do not provide enough information to the readers regarding the success of the practices. Thus, this research will be an important resource for the company as it explains the best way of engaging training and development activities to maximize its overall performance and reach the targeted goal.

Is Grace True Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is Grace True - Essay Example He made us to follow his path which some of us do and some of us don’t. We read through the Holy Books that God has made heaven and hell for those who do righteous deeds and those who do not, respectively. And this makes sense, of course. If we believe that God will save every person, then we will stop doing righteous deeds in the expectation that He will save us and will embrace us with all His love no matter what we do, as Philip and Mulholland state in their book. According to them, God is waiting for us up there with open arms and will hug us and save us from anything bad happening to us because he is an epitome of love rather than an epitome of cruelty. Okay, that is fine that He is not an epitome of cruelty, but does it makes sense that anybody who has been doing wrong deeds throughout his life, has been cruel with people, has been eating others’ money, has been lying and cheating, has been making others of His creation cry with sorrows, will be spared by God and embraced by Him with all His love and kindness? No, my Lord, No. This does not make sense at all. Another thing that I disagree with is that the authors say that there is no heaven, because if there is heaven, then there is possibility of a hell too. â€Å"The triumph of grace†¦cannot be complete until every last person has been redeemed† (196), the authors say. This is also an illogical piece of an argument. They say that since God loves us all, he has not created anything like hell in which he will put the wrongdoers. But the point to ponder is that if there is no hell, then is there a possibility of a heaven? Authors agree but do not prove it. My point is that-what about those who are bad people? What is there destiny? If there is no hell and God will save us all, then a good person and a bad one will stand shoulder by shoulder enjoying the same bounties and blessings of God. Why? Does not a man do a good deed in expectation of God’s mercy and blessings? A wron gdoer will keep on doing evil if he believes what authors say. He will keep on following the evil path if he believes that God will embrace and save him. Douglas Geivett, in his critique of the book contradicts the authors when they say that â€Å"salvation is not the hope of a few; it is the destiny of all† (160). Douglas states that if it were true, then salvation will also be for those who do not wish for it or deserve it. I agree with Douglas in that salvation is only for those who desire it and make efforts toward achieving it. Salvation is not such a petty little thing that God has made for all. This is the word â€Å"all† that I basically contradict with. The authors must have used the words â€Å"most of us† than â€Å"all†. Of course, God loves us and is determined to save us all but only if we are also determined to be saved by Him. He has told us what His path is through His Holy Books and Prophets. Now, it is our task to follow His path and ma ke ourselves better people so as to be held liable for His blessings and love. God loves us but we should also see the sufferings of a person who has done wrong deeds throughout his life but at the same time is struck with gloom and despair. God takes His revenge from those who do not follow him, and this is wrong to believe that He will save us all from the cruel fire of hell. The bottom-line is that the authors are not being rational in their arguments which are only based on their

Challenges, solutions, benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challenges, solutions, benefits - Essay Example The reason for the many complications in patient’s condition is the inability of staff to recognize significant changes on the physical condition of the patient: breathing, skin colour, etc. In 2004, the Institute of Healthcare Improvement (IHI), in line with its 100,000 lives campaign, â€Å"encouraged American hospitals to implement rapid response teams (RRTs) (20). The major purpose of RRT is to preclude the possibility of deaths outside the intensive care unit (ICU) by â€Å"providing a resource team that can be called to a patient’s bedside† (21) all the time. As a matter of fact, a patient’s baseline condition starts to aggravate for an average 6.5 hours before a much more critical situation could occur; and what is more interesting is that 70% of these conditions can be prevented. The early detection of the possible signs of attacks by an RRT could do a lot to reduce the number of deaths and the rate of transferring patient to higher levels of care . RRT intervention has contributed to 50% decrease on the number of cardiac arrest cases outside the intensive care unit; the rate of transfer of patient to the ICU was decreased by 58%; and deaths due to operative complications were reduced to 37%. An RRT is an immediate response team that may be composed of the following: (1) physician and nurse; (2) intensivist and respiratory therapist; (3) physician assistant alone; (4) a critical care nurse and respiratory therapist; or (5) a clinical specialist alone.

Management of Information and Technology Assignment

Management of Information and Technology - Assignment Example NEFM is a reputed manufacturer, which is highly dedicated towards satisfying the varied desires and requirements of the customers, both for commercial or domestic purposes. It includes a wide range of imported products such as customised readymade assembled tables, reception tables, executive chairs, shelves and conference tables. Apart from this, it also includes various stylish office chairs, with wide-ranging features such as wooden base, hydrolic equipments, push back, high back, revolving chairs, and knee tilt with wooden armrest among others at reasonable prices. It also presents numerous types of office sofas as well, such as visitor sofa, slalom sofa, two seater sofa, sofa nat, sofa vivi, taco two -seater sofa and eye-q-eye sofa among others. NEFM also presents diverse office interior facilities such as floorings and false ceilings along with wooden and aluminium partitions as well (New Era Furniture Mart, 2010). Other than this, it also offers a variety of domestic furniture s, such as bed and dining tables, storage units along with assorted sofa sets. Moreover, it also presents numerous customised furnitures in order to satisfy the customer needs with the intention to differentiate in the market. NEFM also presents an array of services to its customers including space planning and designing as well as varied furniture installations (Global Manufacturers, 2012). Thus, in order to present innovative products and/or services to the customers, NEFM attempts to offer high concentration on its business processes. Business process is referred as the assortment of activities which focuses on developing a specific product and /or service in order to gratify the end-users. It includes sequences of activities that are included to present the end-products and /or services to its target consumers which begins with a particular objective and ends with an achievement. There are mainly three types of business processes which are related with managing, supporting and operating (Farid, 2007). In this regards, the prime operations of NEFM are concentrated on manufacturing and circulation of varied office and domestic furnitures being entirely dependent on labourers (New Era Furniture Mart, 2010 ). Before instigating the manufacturing process of any furniture, a specific design is selected by the customer. It is extremely essential in order to receive a striking finished product as per the desire of the customer. Another important fact is that the process of manufacturing commences only after the order is placed by a customer (Farid, 2007). The manufacturing process of furniture includes variety of raw materials namely teak wood, walnut wood or keekar wood along with